Preventing and Treating Respiratory Illnesses

What to watch for with respiratory issues.

Mike Tobin, RN, emergency department nurse at Sierra Medical Center

Respiratory illnesses are known to spread more often during the colder months, and the season of illness can be harsher than in the warmer months. It is important to understand what symptoms to look out for and when it might be time to seek medical care from an emergency department.

When should I seek treatment?

Adults and children can present with similar respiratory illness symptoms, including audible wheezing, cough, fever, sore throat, headache, body aches and fatigue. However, there are severe symptoms that can indicate medical treatment at an ER is needed.

If an adult becomes short of breath from participating in everyday activities, like walking up the stairs or doing laundry, it is usually cause for a visit to your local emergency department. Other concerning symptoms include confusion, difficulty speaking, and having to breathe with hands on their knees in a tripod position.

Although respiratory illnesses are common in children, it is very concerning if a child has a hard time staying awake, starts to experience retractions in their abdomen or chest when breathing, has nasal flaring, or is still experiencing shortness of breath after the use of an inhaler. If a child shows these symptoms, we encourage you to visit the nearest ER or dial 911.

How do I prepare for a trip to the emergency department?

When you arrive at an ER, common questions will be asked to assess your or your child’s illness. A provider will encourage you to provide as much information as possible, including the events leading up to your visit, what symptoms you have been experiencing and for how many days. It is important to know what medications you are prescribed and/or what medications you used to treat symptoms prior to your visit.

What can I expect when at the ER?

After arrival, you will go through a triage process, which helps determine the severity of your medical condition and the level of care needed to treat it. Once registration paperwork and treatment consent is completed, urine or blood samples may be ordered, or you may be sent for imaging tests to better understand your condition.

After further evaluation and test results, and depending on the severity of your medical condition, you may be discharged with at-home care instructions, or be admitted to the hospital. If you have a question about your discharge information, ask your provider.

How can I protect myself from respiratory illnesses?

Frequent hand washing and the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can help prevent the spread of illness. If you are out in a public area, it can be beneficial to wear a mask if you are immune compromised to prevent infection.

If you or a child experiences severe symptoms from a respiratory illness, dial 911 or seek emergency care from your closest emergency department.